C++

 

What is C++?

C++ is a cross-platform language that can be used to create high-performance applications.

C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language.

C++ gives programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.

The language was updated 3 major times in 2011, 2014, and 2017 to C++11, C++14, and C++17.

C++ Install IDE

An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is used to edit AND compile the code.

Popular IDE's include Code::Blocks, Eclipse, and Visual Studio. These are all free, and they can be used to both edit and debug C++ code.

Note: Web-based IDE's can work as well, but functionality is limited.

We will use Code::Blocks in our tutorial, which we believe is a good place to start.

You can find the latest version of Codeblocks at http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26. Download the mingw-setup.exe file, which will install the text editor with a compiler.

C++ Quickstart

Let's create our first C++ file.

Open Codeblocks and go to File > New > Empty File.

Write the following C++ code and save the file as myfirstprogram.cpp (File > Save File as):

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  cout << "Hello World!";
  return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  cout << "Hello World!";
  return 0;
}

Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with input and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add functionality to C++ programs.

Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects and variables from the standard library.

Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space.

Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is int main(). This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In our example it will output "Hello World".

Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.

Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }

Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines makes the code more readable.

Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the main function.

Decimal to Binary Converter

//C Program to Add Two Numbers #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int num1, num2, add; printf("Enter any two number: "); scanf("%d%d", &num1, &num2); add = num1+num2; printf("\nSum of %d and %d is %d", num1, num2, add); getch(); return 0; }


Convert a decimal number to either binary, octal or hexadecimal counterpart

// Check Even or Odd #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int num; printf("Enter any number: "); scanf("%d", &num); if(num%2 == 0) printf("\nIt's an even number."); else printf("\nIt's an odd number."); getch(); return 0; }

Program to Add Two Integers

// Program to Perform Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int num1, num2, res; printf("Enter any two number: "); scanf("%d%d", &num1, &num2); res = num1+num2; printf("\nAddition = %d", res); res = num1-num2; printf("\nSubtraction = %d", res); res = num1*num2; printf("\nMultiplication = %d", res); res = num1/num2; printf("\nDivision = %d", res); getch(); return (1); }


Program to Multiply Two Numbers

// Simple Calculator Program #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { float num1, num2, res; int choice; do { printf("1. Addition\n"); printf("2. Subtraction\n"); printf("3. Multiplication\n"); printf("4. Division\n"); printf("5. Exit\n\n"); printf("Enter Your Choice(1-5): "); scanf("%d", &choice); if(choice>=1 && choice<=4) { printf("\nEnter any two Numbers: "); scanf("%f %f", &num1, &num2); } switch(choice) { case 1: res = num1+num2; printf("\nResult = %0.2f", res); break; case 2: res = num1-num2; printf("\nResult = %0.2f", res); break; case 3: res = num1*num2; printf("\nResult = %0.2f", res); break; case 4: res = num1/num2; printf("\nResult = %0.2f", res); break; case 5: return 0; default: printf("\nWrong Choice!"); break; } printf("\n------------------------\n"); }while(choice!=5); getch(); return 0; }


Program to Find ASCII Value of a Character

A character variable holds ASCII value (an integer number between 0 and 127) rather than that character itself in C programming.That value is known as ASCII value. 

For example, ASCII value of 'A' is 65. 

What this means is that, if you assign 'A' to a character variable, 65 is stored in that variable rather than 'A' itself.

#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char c; cout << "Enter a character: "; cin >> c; cout << "ASCII Value of " << c << " is " << int(c); return 0; }



Simple Calculator using switch statement

// Find Average Marks of Students #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int i; float mark, sum=0, avg; printf("Enter Marks obtained in 5 Subjects: "); for(i=0; i<5; i++) { scanf("%f", &mark); sum = sum+mark; } avg = sum/5; printf("\nAverage Mark = %0.2f", avg); getch(); return 0; }



Nrf Transmitter And Receiver :- 

//Trasmitter #include <SPI.h> #include <nRF24L01.h> #include <RF24.h> RF24 radio(9, 10); // CE, CSN const byte address[6] = "00001"; //Byte of array representing the address. This is the address where we will send the data. This should be same on the receiving side. int buttonPin1 = A1; int buttonState1 = 0; boolean button_state = 0; void setup() { pinMode(buttonPin1, INPUT_PULLUP); Serial.begin(9600); radio.begin(); //Starting the Wireless communication radio.openWritingPipe(address); //Setting the address where we will send the data radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MIN); //You can set it as minimum or maximum depending on the distance between the transmitter and receiver. radio.stopListening(); //This sets the module as transmitter } void loop() { buttonState1 = digitalRead(buttonPin1); if (buttonState1 == HIGH) { const char text[] = "Your Button State is HIGH"; Serial.println("Your Button State is HIGH"); radio.write(&text, sizeof(text)); //Sending the message to receiver } if(buttonState1 == LOW) { const char text[] = "Your Button State is LOW"; Serial.println("Your Button State is LOW"); radio.write(&text, sizeof(text)); //Sending the message to receiver } radio.write(&button_state, sizeof(button_state)); //Sending the message to receiver delay(1000); } //Receiver #include <SPI.h> #include <nRF24L01.h> #include <RF24.h> #include <Servo.h> // include the Servo library Servo myservo; int pos = 0; RF24 radio(9, 10); // CE, CSN const byte address[6] = "00001"; boolean button_state = 0; int led_pin = 13; void setup() { pinMode(6, OUTPUT); myservo.attach(5); myservo.write(0); Serial.begin(9600); radio.begin(); radio.openReadingPipe(0, address); radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MIN); radio.startListening(); } void loop() { if (radio.available()) { char text[32] = ""; radio.read(&text, sizeof(text)); radio.read(&button_state, sizeof(button_state)); if (button_state == HIGH) { digitalWrite(6, HIGH); myservo.write(0); Serial.println(text); } else { digitalWrite(6, LOW); myservo.write(180); Serial.println(text); } } }