Arduino Based Ventilator

 

Video :-

Circuit Diagram :- 

Code :-

//Prateek //www.prateeks.in #include <Servo.h> #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> #include "constants.h" const int8_t pot_map_radius[3] = {5, 5, 5}; const uint16_t nom_vals[3][3] = {{500, 300, 25}, {5, 5, 5}, {12, 25, 50}}; const uint8_t val_inc[3][3] = {{10, 5, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 2}}; const uint16_t base_delays[3] = {950, 550, 200}; const char clear_value[] = " "; const char *setting_titles[3] = {"Volume: ", "Pressure: ", "Breath Rate: "}; const char *age_titles[3] = {"Adult", "Child", "Infant"}; const char *unit[3] = {" mL", "/10", " br/m"}; bool ventilating = false; bool time_to_squeeze = true; bool time_to_release = true; long squeeze_time = -100; long release_time = -100; bool compression_state = 0; bool halt = false; bool warn_user = false; bool can_read_age_button = true; long age_button_time = -100; // time age button was clicked bool can_read_start_button = true; long start_button_time = -100; // time start button was clicked int8_t pot_vals[3] = {0, 0, 0}; uint8_t age_state = 0; // 0, 1, 2 -> adult, child, infant long red_led_flash = 0; bool red_led_flash_on = false; double sensitivity[] = { 0.185, 0.100, 0.066 }; double voltage; double current_sum = 0; Servo servo; LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 20, 4); int map_pot_val(uint16_t unmapped_pot_val, int8_t pot_index) { return map(unmapped_pot_val, 0, 1024, pot_map_radius[pot_index], -pot_map_radius[pot_index]); } int16_t map_servo_pos(int16_t pos) { return map(pos, 0, MAX_SERVO_POS, 180, 0); } void lcd_update(uint8_t pot_index) { lcd.setCursor(LCD_H_SPACING - 1, pot_index + POT_LCD_OFFSET); lcd.print(clear_value); lcd.setCursor(LCD_H_SPACING, pot_index + POT_LCD_OFFSET); int16_t val = nom_vals[pot_index][age_state] + val_inc[pot_index][age_state] * pot_vals[pot_index]; lcd.print(val); // UPDATE THIS TO BE MAPPED VALUE lcd.print(unit[pot_index]); } void lcd_update_age() { lcd.setCursor(LCD_H_SPACING - 1, 0); lcd.print(clear_value); lcd.setCursor(LCD_H_SPACING, 0); lcd.print(age_titles[age_state]); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { lcd_update(i); } } void lcd_startup() { lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(8, 0); lcd.print("AIR"); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); lcd.print("Automatic Inhalation"); lcd.setCursor(4, 3); lcd.print("Resuscitator"); } void lcd_init_titles() { lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Age Group:"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Volume:"); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); lcd.print("Pressure:"); lcd.setCursor(0, 3); lcd.print("Breath Rate:"); } void lcd_init() { lcd_init_titles(); lcd_update_age(); } void lcd_warn() { // show the warning message on the lcd lcd.clear(); lcd.setCursor(2, 0); lcd.print("BLOCKAGE DETECTED"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Press yellow button"); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); lcd.print("to cancel warning."); } void check_pot_vals() { for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { if (map_pot_val(analogRead(i + POT_PIN_OFFSET), i) != pot_vals[i]) { pot_vals[i] = map_pot_val(analogRead(i + POT_PIN_OFFSET), i); lcd_update(i); } } } void check_age_setting() { if (!digitalRead(P_SETTING_BUTTON) && can_read_age_button) { age_button_time = millis(); can_read_age_button = false; age_state = (age_state + 1) % 3; lcd_update_age(); } } void check_start_stop() { if (!digitalRead(P_START_BUTTON) && can_read_start_button) { if (warn_user) { red_led(true); warn_user = false; lcd_init(); } else { start_button_time = millis(); can_read_start_button = false; ventilating = !ventilating; red_led(!ventilating); green_led(ventilating); } } } bool check_halt() { if (ventilating && warn_user) { return true; } bool was_ventilating = ventilating; check_start_stop(); if (was_ventilating && !ventilating) { return true; } return false; } uint8_t get_servo_delay() { uint16_t des_delay = nom_vals[PRES][age_state]; des_delay += val_inc[PRES][age_state] * pot_vals[PRES]; des_delay = map(des_delay, nom_vals[PRES][age_state] - pot_map_radius[PRES] * val_inc[PRES][age_state], nom_vals[PRES][age_state] + pot_map_radius[PRES] * val_inc[PRES][age_state], MIN_SPEED, MAX_SPEED); return des_delay; } void drive_servo(uint16_t desired_pos) { uint16_t servo_pos = servo.read(); if (servo_pos < desired_pos) { for (int16_t pos = servo_pos; pos < desired_pos; pos += 1) { halt = check_halt(); if (halt) { break; } servo.write(pos); delay(6); } } else { for (int16_t pos = servo_pos; pos > desired_pos; pos -= 1) { halt = check_halt(); if (halt) { break; } servo.write(pos); update_current(); uint8_t del = get_servo_delay(); delay(del); } } } uint16_t get_ms_per_breath() { uint8_t breath_per_min = nom_vals[RATE][age_state] + val_inc[RATE][age_state] * pot_vals[RATE]; return round(1000 / (breath_per_min / 60.0)); } uint16_t vol_to_ang(uint16_t vol) { return 4.89427e-7 * pow(vol, 3) - 8.40105e-4 * pow(vol, 2) + 0.64294 * vol + 28.072327; } void red_led(bool on) { analogWrite(P_RED_LED, on ? 5 : 0); } void green_led(bool on) { digitalWrite(P_GREEN_LED, on ? HIGH : LOW); } void flash_red() { if ((millis() - red_led_flash) > 200) { red_led(!red_led_flash_on); red_led_flash_on = !red_led_flash_on; red_led_flash = millis(); } } double predict_current() { uint16_t v = nom_vals[0][age_state] + val_inc[0][age_state] * pot_vals[0]; uint8_t p = nom_vals[1][age_state] + val_inc[1][age_state] * pot_vals[1]; return -1.041041e3 + 2.35386 * v + 2.316309e-3 * pow(v, 2) - 3.887507e1 * p + 7.7198644 * pow(p, 2) - 4.2099326e-2 * v * p; } void update_current() { // read the current value from the sensor, add it to the total sum uint16_t potentiometer_raw = analogRead(P_CURRENT); double voltage_raw = (5.0 / 1023.0) * analogRead(VIN); // Read the voltage from sensor voltage = voltage_raw - QOV + 0.012 ;// 0.000 is a value to make voltage zero when there is no current double current = voltage / sensitivity[MODEL] * -1; // sensor is flipped current_sum += current; } void setup() { // Setup code Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(P_RED_LED, OUTPUT); pinMode(P_GREEN_LED, OUTPUT); pinMode(P_SETTING_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP); pinMode(P_START_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP); servo.attach(P_SERVO); servo.write(map_servo_pos(START_POS)); // home the servo lcd.init(); lcd.backlight(); lcd_startup(); red_led(true); green_led(true); delay(3000); lcd_init(); green_led(false); } void loop() { // Just some button debouncing here if (!can_read_age_button && millis() - age_button_time >= 500) { can_read_age_button = true; } if (!can_read_start_button && millis() - start_button_time >= 500) { can_read_start_button = true; } if (!warn_user) { if (!ventilating) { check_age_setting(); } check_pot_vals(); } if (halt) { compression_state = 0; ventilating = false; drive_servo(map_servo_pos(START_POS)); release_time = millis(); } halt = check_halt(); if (warn_user) { flash_red(); } if (ventilating) { uint16_t ms_per_breath = get_ms_per_breath(); int16_t post_breath_delay = ms_per_breath - base_delays[age_state]; if (post_breath_delay < 0) { post_breath_delay = 1000; } if (time_to_squeeze && !compression_state) { compression_state = 1; uint16_t des_vol = nom_vals[VOL][age_state]; des_vol += val_inc[VOL][age_state] * pot_vals[VOL]; uint16_t dest = vol_to_ang(des_vol); if (age_state == 0) { dest = map(dest, 193, 208, 180, 250); } drive_servo(map_servo_pos(dest)); squeeze_time = millis(); } else if (time_to_release && compression_state) { if (current_sum >= predict_current() * 1.2 && age_state == 0) { halt = true; green_led(false); warn_user = true; lcd_warn(); } else { compression_state = 0; drive_servo(map_servo_pos(START_POS)); release_time = millis(); } current_sum = 0; } if (compression_state) { update_current(); } time_to_squeeze = millis() - release_time > post_breath_delay; time_to_release = millis() - squeeze_time > base_delays[age_state]; } }

Arduino Nano :- 

 

 

Arduino NANO Version 3 is the open source smallest Embedded Development board launched by Arduino based on Atmega328 SMD Package Microcontroller. It is a Surface mount Breadboard Friendly board integrated with Mini USB Port. DC Power Jack is not available on this Board, so power can be given through Mini USB Cable. It automatically sense and switch to the higher potential source of power, there is no need for the power select jumper.

Difference between Arduino Nano and Arduino Mega

There is a considerable amount of difference between the Arduino Nano and the Arduino mega as the processor used itself is different. Arduino Mega is more powerful than an Arduino Nano in terms of speed and number of I/O pins. As you might guess the size is also bigger than an Arduino UNO. Arduino Mega is normally used for projects which require a lot of I/O pins and different Communication protocols. The technical difference between Nano and Mega is shown below.

    Specifications:-

• Microcontroller                        Atmel ATmega328 SMD Package
  
  
• Operating Voltage (logic level)  5 V
  
  
• Input Voltage (recommended)  7-12 V
  
  
• Input Voltage (limits)               6-20 V
  
  
• Digital I/O Pins                        14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
  
  
• Analog Input Pins                    8
  
  
• DC Current per I/O Pin            40 mA
  
  
• Flash Memory                         32 KB (of which 2KB used by bootloader)
  
  
• SRAM                                     2 KB
  
  
• EEPROM                                 1 KB
  
  
• Clock Speed                           16 MHz
  
  
• Dimensions                            0.70” x 1.70”

 

 

NodeMcu :-

The core of this module is the ESP32 chip, which is scalable and adaptive. Two CPU cores can be individually controlled. The clock frequency is adjustable from 80 MHz to 240 MHz and supports RTOS.

It is a general-purpose Wi-Fi+BT+BLE MCU module.ESP-WROOM-32s The module integrates traditional Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy and Wi-Fi. Wide range of uses: Wi-Fi supports a wide range of communication connections, as well as a direct connection to the Internet via a router; Bluetooth allows users to connect to a mobile phone or broadcast a BLE Beacon for signal detection.

The module supports data rates up to 150 Mbps and antenna output power of 20dBm for maximum wireless communication. As a result, this module has industry-leading specifications and performs well in terms of high integration, wireless transmission distance, power consumption, and network connectivity

 

 

Features:

1. 802.11b/g/n 802.11nspeed up to 150Mbps
2. WIFI Frequency Range 2.4GHz ~ 2.5GHz
3. Clock frequency adjustment range from 80 MHz to 240 MHz, support for
   RTOS
4. Built-in 2-channel 12-bit high-precision ADC with up to 18 channels
5. Support UART/GPIO/ADC/DAC/SDIO/SD card/PWM/I2C/I2S interface
6. Support multiple sleep modes, ESP32 chip sleep current is less than 5 A
7. Embedded Lwip protocol stack
8. Supports STA/AP/STA + AP operation mode
9. Supports remote firmware upgrade (FOTA)
10. General AT commands can be used quickly
11. Support secondary development, integrated Windows, Linux development

 

 

20x4 Lcd Display :-

This is a basic 20 character by 4 line display. Interface code is freely available. You will need ~11 general I/O pins to interface to this LCD screen. Includes LED backlight.  If you want to add some visual output to your Arduino projects, you’ll need a display. If you need moderate data on display, the LCD2004 Parallel LCD Display is a quite good solution for Arduino projects.  This is an industry-standard JHD629-204A based controlled 4 lines x 20 characters LCD display with Black characters on Green background. It is a parallel interface so you will need 7 pins for 4-bit mode or 11 pins for 8-bit mode to interface to this LCD screen.

 

Features and Specifications:

1.      Wide viewing angle and high contrast.

2.      Industry-standard JHD629-204A equivalent LCD controller built-in.

3.      Supported 4 or 8-bit parallel interface. Operate with 5V DC.

4.      Interface with 16 pins male header Connector.

5.      20 characters wide, 4 rows Black text on the green background The module can easily interface with an MCU The module is a low-power consumption character LCD Module with a built-in controller Single LED backlight included can be dimmed easily with a resistor or PWM.

6.      Can be fully controlled with only 6 digital lines! (Any analog/digital pins can be used)

 

 

I2C Module LCD Serial Display Adapter

I2C Module is a parallel to serial converter compatible with LCD2004 and LCD1602. By using this module, LCD can be interfaced with using only 2 wires. LCD displays take 8 pins so sometimes user can get out of resources, mostly using Arduino Uno and Nano, but this device helps to save the resources as it takes only 4 pins.

 

Features

1. Compatible with 16×2 and 20×4 LCD display
2. Saves resources using only 4 pins
3. LCD can be interfaced using 2 wires
4. Easy to interface
5. Standard 5V supply voltage
6. Contras is adjustable

 

 

MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter Heart Rate Sensor Module :- 

Heart Rate click carries Maxim’s MAX30100 integrated pulse oximetry and a heart-rate sensor. It’s an optical sensor that derives its readings from emitting two wavelengths of light from two LEDs – a red and an infrared one – then measuring the absorbance of pulsing blood through a photodetector. This particular LED colour combination is optimized for reading the data through the tip of one’s finger.

 

The signal is processed by a low-noise analog signal processing unit and communicated to the target MCU through the mikroBUS I2C interface. Developers of end-user applications should note that the readings can be negatively impacted by excess motion and changes in temperature. Also, too much pressure can constrict capillary blood flow and therefore diminish the reliability of the data. A programmable INT pin is also available. The operates at the 3.3V power supply.

 

 

Specifications and Features:

1.      Optical sensor: IR and red LED combined with a photodetector

2.      Measures absorbance of pulsing blood

3.      I2C interface plus INT pin

4.      3.3V power supply complete pulse oximeter and heart rate sensor solution, simplifies design, integrated LEDs, photo sensor, and

5.      high-performance analog front

6.      Ultra low power operation increases battery life for wearable devices

7.      Advanced functionality improves measurement performance, high SNR provides robust motion artifact resilience integrated

8.      ambient, light cancellation high sample rate capability fast data output capability

9.      It is an integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate monitor sensor solution.

 

 

 

MG945 Digital High Speed Servo Motor :-

 

Getting an original TowerPro Servo Motor is not an economical option at all!!! And is also a very difficult task to recognize and buy an original TowerPro servo, Because there are many suppliers spread over different online shops who are selling fake servo motors under this Brand name. believes in satisfied customers, so whatever the product is we first import them then test them for their supplier defined and standard capabilities. Only after doing all the possible quality checks we make the product available to our customers.

 

It is a low cost and high quality digital servo with export quality and great  servo for just about any application. MG945 is for 1/8 buggy monster and many RC model. Please refer to product configure table provided in the attachments.

 

Wire Description

RED – Positive

Brown – Negative

Orange – Signal

 

Features:

1.      Gear Type: Metal gear

2.      Power Supply: Through External Adapter

3.      Servo wire length: 32cm

4.      Servo Plug: JR (Fits JR and Futaba)

5.      CE & RoHS approved

6.      Servo gear set and shaft have been upgraded to aluminum 6061-T6,which is stronger and lighter than copper.

7.      Universal “S” type connector,fits most receivers, including Futaba, JR, Hitec ,GWS, Cirrus, Blue Bird, Blue Arrow, Corona, Berg, Spektrum.

 

 

Push Button Switch :-

 

 

 

6x6x5mm Tactile Push Button Switch is widely used as a standard input “buttons” on electronic projects. These work best when you mount it on PCB but can also be used on a solderless breadboard for temporary connections in prototypes. The pins are normally open (disconnected) and when the button is pressed they are momentarily closed and complete the circuit.

 

This tactile switch also offers reliable dome contact technology and strong tactile feedback, with multiple operating forces to choose from. Applications include telecommunications, consumer electronics, audio/visual, medical devices, testing/instrumentation, and computer/peripherals.

 

Features :

1.      Through-hole design.

2.      Shaft Shape: Round

3.      The long life of 300,000 cycles realized despite the high operating force

4.      Used in the fields of electronic products, household appliances and more.

5.      This light touch switch is waterproof, prevent oil, anti-pollution, anti-static interference.

6.      High precision mechanism design offers acute operation and long service life.

7.      Compact and lightweight, easy to carry and dismantling.

8.      Good electrical conductivity.

 

 

 

 

Potentiometer :-

 

 

 

 

It is a 10K Ohm 3Pin 15mm Shaft Potentiometer. This is used for adjusting various parameters like voltage, current, etc in an electronic circuit.

 

Resistance (Ω)	10k
Tolerance(%)	20
Temperature Co-efficient	±100ppm/℃
Operating Temperature Range (°C)	-40 to 80
Mounting Type	Through Hole
Length (mm)	20
Width (mm)	17 (Body Diameter)
Height (mm)	24
Weight (gm)	6 (each)
Shipment Weight	0.02 kg
Shipment Dimensions	4 × 4 × 2 cm

 

Ambu Bag :-

 

 

 

 

·         Material: Silicone

·         Manufactured using high quality raw material and latest technology. These devices are used for positive pressure to inflate the lungs of an unconscious person who is not breathing and keep him/her oxygenated and alive.

Please Note: Product may differ (eg. colour) from the product Image displayed on website. Kindly check the technical specifications provided in description to make better purchase decision.

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- The Rescare kit consists of:

- Manual Resuscitator

- Star Lumen Kink Resistant Oxygen Tubing

- Reservoir Bag

- Inflatable Mask

- Pressure Limiting Valve